Estonia – EE

EU regions: Estonia

Indicator	Period	Value
Labour market policy
public expenditure on labour market policies as % of GDP	2021	1.39
public expenditure on active labour market policies	2021	0.402
Life long learning
life long learning participation	2023	23.2
Precarious work
percentage of employees ususally working on Sunday	2023	9.2
percentage of employees ususally working at nights	2023	5.3
Part time jobs and flexible employment
working hours on full time job	2024q4	38.3
percentage of workers usually working from home	2023	12
percentage of part time workers	2024q4	12.69
percentage of part time workers, men	2024q4	8
percentage of part time workers, women	2024q4	17.49
Minimum and average wage
minimum monthly was as aproportion of average monthly earnings in industry and services	2023	40
monthly minimum wage in €	2025q1	886
monthly minimum wage in PPS	2025q1	878
annual net earnings of a full-time single worker without children earning an average wage in PPS	2023	17 946
Gender differences
gender pay gap	2023	16.9
employment of mothers of more than 3 children	2023	62
healthy life expectancy of men vs. women	2022	119.86
gender gap in employment rate	2023	97.8
gender gap in unemployment rate	2024q4	98.72
Graduates and young people
unemployment rate of youth with elementary education	2023	28.1
unemployment rate of youth with secondary education	2024q4	18.1
NEET	2023	9.6
Gross domestic product
GDP per capita in PPS of EU average	2024	79
Payable interest of public debt as % od GDP	2023	0.4
Employment
employment rate	2024q4	75.2
Social exclusion
people at risk of poverty or social exclusion	2020	23.2

More on wikipedia wikidata Q191 on OpenStreetMap Estonia slovensky: EE

Subregions: Estonia, Estonia

Unemployment

Indicator	Period	Value
Unemployment
unemployment rate	2023	6.6
youth unemployment rate	2024q4	16.7
unemployment rate of low educated people	2024q4	12.2
Long term unemployment
long term unemployment	2023	1.3
share of long term unemployed	2024q4	18.5

Composition of population according to age group, education and economic activity, Estonia

Age group	Low education	Middle education	High education
Y20-29	P: 19.3 E: 12.2; U: 1.9; I: 5.2	P: 79.6 E: 58.2; U: 6.9; I: 14.5	P: 34.4 E: 30.7; U: 1.5; I: 2.2
Y30-39	P: 25.2 E: 18.9; U: 1.6; I: 4.7	P: 85.6 E: 71.4; U: 5.7; I: 8.5	P: 93.5 E: 83.2; U: 3.2; I: 7.1
Y40-49	P: 25.3 E: 18.7; U: 1.6; I: 5.0	P: 82.1 E: 71.8; U: 4.4; I: 5.9	P: 80.5 E: 74.6; U: 2.4; I: 3.5
Y50-59	P: 12.2 E: 7.4; U: 1.3; I: 3.5	P: 96.1 E: 79.1; U: 6.3; I: 10.7	P: 65.1 E: 60.2; U: 2.3; I: 2.6
Y60-69	P: 15.5 E: 1.8; U: 0.2; I: 13.5	P: 86.5 E: 42.1; U: 2.6; I: 41.8	P: 64.4 E: 42.8; U: 1.5; I: 20.1

Note: in thousands in 2023, according to labour force sample survey. P – total population, E – employed, U – unemployed, I – number of economically inactive

Demographics

Indicator	Period	Value
Demographics
number of inhabitants	2024	1 374 687
population density	2023	31.8
old-age dependency ratio	2024	32.2
Population ageing
unemployment rate – over 55 years	2024q4	5.7
aggregate replacement ratio	2024	0.5
aggregate replacement ratio – females	2024	0.49
life expectancy of a 50 year old	2022	30.4
healty life expectancy at 50 years	2022	16.1

Employment by sectors, Estonia

NACE r2		%	NACE r2		%
A	18.2	3%	B-E	133.5	19%
F	58.1	8%	G-I	164.2	23%
J	36.7	5%	K	17.7	3%
L	13.6	2%	M_N	58.8	8%
O-Q	159.2	23%	R-U	40.1	6%
TOTAL	700	100%

Data for the period year 2023. Source of the data is Eurostat, table [lfst_r_lfe2en2].

From Wikipedia:

Estonia (Estonian: Eesti [ˈeːsʲti] (listen)), officially the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariik), is a country on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland with Finland on the other side, to the west by the Baltic Sea with Sweden on the other side, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia (338.6 km). The territory of Estonia consists of a mainland and 2,222 islands in the Baltic Sea, covering a total area of 45,227 km² (17,462 sq mi), water 2,839 km² (1,096 sq mi), land area 42,388 km² (16,366 sq mi), and is influenced by a humid continental climate. The official language of the country, Estonian, is the second-most-spoken Finnic language.

The territory of Estonia has been inhabited since at least 9,000 B.C. Ancient Estonians were some of the last European pagans to be Christianized, following the Livonian Crusade in the 13th century. After centuries of successive rule by Germans, Danes, Swedes, Poles and Russians, a distinct Estonian national identity began to emerge in the 19^th and early 20th centuries. This culminated in independence from Russia in 1920 after a brief War of Independence at the end of World War I. Initially democratic, subsequent to the Great Depression, Estonia was governed by authoritarian rule since 1934 during the Era of Silence. During World War II (1939–1945), Estonia was repeatedly contested and occupied by the Soviet Union and Germany, ultimately being incorporated into the former. After the loss of its de facto independence, Estonia's de jure state continuity was preserved by diplomatic representatives and the government-in-exile. In 1987 the peaceful Singing Revolution began against Soviet rule, resulting in the restoration of de facto independence on 20 August 1991.

Other: European Union, Greece, Estonia, Spain

Neighbours: Latvia

Subregions: Estonia, Estonia

Suggested citation: Michal Páleník: Europe and its regions in numbers - Estonia – EE, IZ Bratislava, retrieved from: https://www.iz.sk/​PEE, ISBN: 978-80-970204-9-1, DOI:10.5281/zenodo.10200164

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